Focus Areas for Supporting Environmental Technology Pilots:

Climate Change
- Reduction of greenhouse gasses emissions, including:
  - Efficient energy use
  - Producing and managing renewable energy
  - Energy storage
  - Shifting fossil-fuels users to electrical energy
  - Using hydrogen as an energy source
  - Managing and optimizing local and national electrical grids
  - HVAC Energy consumption management
- Adaptation to climate change:
  - Water resources management
  - Living conditions in desertification-plagued environments
  - Urban planning in desert environment
  - Shading solutions in urban landscapes
  - Preparing for and mitigating extreme weather events
  - Smart warning systems for local government, including monitoring and control technologies

Industrial Air Pollution
- Reduction at the source (as opposed to “end-of-pipe” treatments) of aerosol pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions
- Industrial odour challenges:
  - Spatial identification of the odour source
  - Associating the odor with a specific source
  - Solutions for treating the odour
- Environmental monitoring: Collecting reliable and accurate real-time data on:
  - Presence and concentration of pollutants
  - Associating detected air-pollutants with specific sources

Transportation-induced air pollution
- Remote sensing of polluting vehicles – measuring emissions from vehicles in-drive:
  - Accurately enough to detect vehicle malfunctions and enforce clean air zones
  - Conducting periodic air pollution tests (e.g., annual emissions tests) for diesel-fuelled vehicles by measuring particulate count, to check filter efficiency.
- Supporting reduction in vehicle use:
  - Car-sharing / carpooling applications
  - Public transportation development
  - Other

Hazardous Materials
- Prevention of hazardous-material-related incidents and reducing their impact:
  - Early detection of equipment failures
  - Containment of pollutants released during incidents and preventing its further dispersion
  - Early warning detectors for pollutant release during an event – reliable and real-time

Hazardous and special waste
- Increasing recycling rates:
  - Treatment solutions leading to higher waste treatment hierarchy, from disposal to recovery or recycling
  - Economic treatment solutions for small sectors, encouraging local treatment capabilities (relevant to small-scale policies aimed at reducing waste transport distances)
- “Up-the-hierarchy” treatment solutions for “challenging”
  waste sectors:
  - Activated carbon
  - Lithium batteries
  - Metals in electronic waste, batteries, other hazardous industrial waste
  - Sewage sludges, phosphogypsum
  - Acids, bases, industrial wastewater defined as hazardous waste

Waste, Circular Economy and Efficient Energy Use
- Reduction at the source:
  - Development of products helping residents to reduce at the source (in terms of product use, not production)
- Information systems:
  - Computerized systems for waste data collection and management
  - Technologies for tracking waste transportation
  - Advanced monitoring of pollutant emissions from waste treatment sites
- Recycling:
  - Advanced sorting for more efficient use of raw materials for recycling
  - More environment-friendly recycling technologies (reducing emissions and pollutants)
  - Developing products from recycled materials
  - Developing recycling solutions for specific sectors in Israel: diapers, organic waste
- Plastic
  - Development of innovative and sustainable plastic materials
  - Designing sustainable plastic products (non polluting at the end of their lifecycle = Eco-Design)
  - Developing new products from recycled plastic (secondary raw materials)
  - More environment-friendly recycling technologies
- Waste-to-energy:
  - Solutions for using by-products such as ash and metals
  - Solutions with high energy-efficiency
  - Developing environmentally friendly waste-to-energy
- Construction-waste recycling:
  - Technological applications for collection and transportation of construction-waste
  - Designing sustainable construction-products (non polluting at the end of their lifecycle =Eco-Design)
  - Solutions for reuse and use of recycled materials
  - RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) production from construction-waste for the industrial sector in Israel

Industrial Wastewater
- Treatment of non-biologically degradable wastewater, such as hormones, pharmaceuticals, solvents, and pesticides.
- Treatment of inorganic pollutants, such as heavy metals and salts.
- Recycling wastewater for industrial use.
- Alternatives to evaporation ponds.
- Treatment of salt/brine sludges (organic and inorganic)
- Integrity checks and leak-detection in industrial wastewater pipelines.

Contaminated Soils
- Technology for in-situ soil treatment at contaminated sites instead of transferring to landfills (beyond existing methods – thermal, biological, and washing treatments).
- Technology for treating soil contaminated with inorganic materials: explosives and metals.
- Detection and monitoring tools, such as remote sensing, for locating soil contamination sites.

Fuels
- Technologies to improve protection of soil and water using existing infrastructure, such as adding extra protective layers to pipelines.
- Technologies to prevent internal corrosion in underground fuel tanks.
- Technologies for prevention and monitoring of impacts from stray currents.
- Technologies for fuel inventory management, with an accuracy-level enabling leak detection from storage facilities and pipelines.

Marine Environmental Protection
- Development of technologies to prevent marine pollution from industry (salt water).
- Development of technologies to prevent marine pollution from urban runoff, water pollution, and waste
- Development of marine-waste monitoring methods at sea and on beaches
- Development of technologies for detecting and treating marine oil pollution
- Solutions for green-building and unloading for facilities in coastal and marine environments
- Development of satellite-based tools for marine pollution monitoring